उत्तराखंड राज्य स्थापना से लेकर आज तक एक ओर जहां जल विद्युत उत्पादन के क्षेत्र में निरंतर प्रगति हुई है तो सौर ऊर्जा के क्षेत्र में भी नए आयाम स्थापित हो रहे हैं। उत्तराखंड में ऊर्जा के 25 साल जहां सकारात्मक तरक्की की ओर कदम बढ़ाने वाले रहे तो वहीं पर्यावरणीय कारणों से चुनौतियां भी कम नहीं रही। आने वाले समय में निश्चित तौर पर सौर ऊर्जा, जल विद्युत परियोजनाओं के साथ ही कोयला आधारित ऊर्जा उत्पादन से उत्तराखंड ऊर्जा क्षेत्र में देश के सरप्लस राज्यों में शुमार हो सकता है।
25 साल में बढ़ा जल विद्युत उत्पादन
आंकड़ों पर गौर करें तो 25 साल में यूजेवीएनएल के जल विद्युत उत्पादन में निरंतर प्रगति हुई है। वर्ष 2000-01 में यूजेवीएनएल का उत्पादन 992 मेगावाट (335 करोड़ यूनिट) था। तब से लगातार उत्पादन बढ़ोतरी की ओर है। वर्ष 2024-25 में यूजेवीएनएल का विद्युत उत्पादन 1440.60 मेगावाट (517.5 करोड़ यूनिट) पर पहुंच गया है। यूजेवीएनएल के एमडी डॉ. संदीप सिंघल का कहना है कि निश्चित तौर पर जल विद्युत उत्पादन लगातार बढ़ा है। उन्होंने बताया कि इन 25 वर्षों में राज्य में 304 मेगावाट की मनेरी भाली-2 और 120 मेगावाट की व्यासी परियोजना का उत्पादन शुरू हुआ जो ऐतिहासिक उपलिब्ध है। वहीं, 300 मेगावाट की लखवाड़ बहुद्देशीय परियोजना आगे बढ़ चुकी है।
जल विद्युत परियोजनाओं की राह में पर्यावरणीय चुनौतियां
वैसे तो राज्य में 25 साल में जितनी जल विद्युत परियोजनाएं प्रस्तावित हुईं, अगर धरातल पर आ जाती तो सचमुच ऊर्जा प्रदेश बन जाता। लेकिन लगातार परियोजनाओं में पर्यावरणीय अड़चनें रही हैं। 2013 की केदारनाथ आपदा के बाद से गंगा और सहायक नदियों पर केंद्र ने जल विद्युत परियोजनाएं बनाने पर रोक लगा दी थी। इस दिशा में लगातार प्रयासों के बाद अब कुछ सफलता मिलनी शुरू तो हुई है लेकिन अभी और मेहनत की दरकार है। एक अनुमान के मुताबिक, जल विद्युत के क्षेत्र में उत्तराखंड की क्षमता 20 हजार मेगावाट से अधिक की है, जिसके सापेक्ष अभी तक 1400 मेगवाट तक ही पहुंच पाए हैं।
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